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Type 1: Typical compound Nouns STRESS ON the FIRST WORD

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Introduction

As shown on Page 8, many phrasal verbs can be converted to a compound noun by simply joining (or hyphenating) the two words and changing the stress to the first word. For example: a throwaway; a printout; a checkup; a breakthrough. This stress is quite strong.

The examples of these in the diagnostic test are: 3 a buildup; 4 a checkup; 23 a printout These are shown on Page 8.

Sometimes the words are reversed, with the adverb first and the verb second. Notice that the stressed word is still the first word. The examples shown on this page belong to this group. Examples in the diagnostic test of the adverb first and the verb second are:  41 an income; 43 an output; 44 an upgrade These are the types of compound nouns shown on this page and there are fewer of these than the examples shown on Page 8.

The Examples on This Page

On this last point: Many but not all words that are verbs can also be used as nouns, such as "to wash" and "a wash" or, "to cut" and "a cut". However, in the examples shown on this page, some of these verbs don't really have a noun form. For example, for the words, "an income" and, "an output" the verbs, "come" and "put" exist but there is no noun, "a come" and the noun, "a put" is rare and specialized.

Note that this applies only when two words are combined to form a noun. Verbs that are formed in this way generally have the stress on the second word, such as "to overtax" and "to overthrow".

Another example: "The university had a smaller than usual intake of new students last year." But we don't normally say, "The university took in fewer students last year", although that would not sound like a bad error to an English speaker. Normally, we would say, "The university enrolled fewer students last year"

In general, I suggest you use other materials to learn phrasal verbs, not the list below, although some of the phrasal verbs below do accurately reflect the meaning behind the compound noun shown with them. (On the other hand, the phrasal verbs on Page 8 are suitable to use to add to your knowledge of phrasal verbs.)

 

PHRASAL VERB  

Similar to Type 2 stress pattern

COMPOUND NOUN

Type 1 stress pattern

to come in

an income

to go out

outgoings (plural noun) = expenditure

"to put out" (Not a real phrasal verb for this meaning)

an output

to put in

an input

"to grade up" (Not a real phrasal verb for this meaning) The real verb is "to upgrade".

an upgrade

"to grade down" (Not a real phrasal verb for this meaning) The real verb is "to downgrade".

a downgrade

to fall freely

a freefall 

"to dent in" (Not a real phrasal verb for this meaning) The real verb is "to indent".

an indent

to flow in

an inflow

to flow out

an outflow

to take in  (Not a real phrasal verb for this meaning)

an intake

to break out

an outbreak (Also, "a breakout" on Page 8)

to burst out

an outburst

to cast out

an outcast

"to come out" (Not a real phrasal verb for this meaning)

an outcome

to crop out

an outcrop

to cry out an outcry

to fit out / "to outfit" can also be a verb.

an outfit

to let out

an outlet

"to line out"  (Not a real phrasal verb for this meaning)

an outline

to grow out

an outgrowth

to look out

an outlook

"to pour out" (Figuratively used for this meaning)

an outpouring

to rig out

an outrigger

to fall down

a downfall

"to load down" (Not a real phrasal verb for this meaning) The real verb is, "to download".

a download

to pour down

a downpour

to cut off

an offcut

"to spring off" (Not a real phrasal verb for this meaning)

an offspring

to look on

an onlooker

to rush onwards

an onrush

to grow under

an undergrowth

to lay under / to underlay

an underlay

to pass under

an underpass

"to tow under" (Not a standard phrasal verb, although the phrase is possible.)

an undertow

to flow over / to overflow

an overflow

to grow over

an overgrowth

to pass over

an overpass

"to view over" (Not a real phrasal verb)

an overview

to bring up

an upbringing

"to date up" (Not a real phrasal verb) The real verb is, "to update".

an update

to keep up

the upkeep

to lift up / to uplift an uplift

to rise up

an uprising

"a roaring sound that is rising up" (Not a real phrasal verb)

an uproar

to turn up / to upturn (The verb, "to upturn" Not really related to the noun, "an upturn".)

an upturn

to surge up an upsurge

to swing up

an upswing

"to see in" (Not a real phrasal verb for this meaning)

an insight

"to wash back" (Not a standard phrasal verb although the phrase is possible.)

a backwash