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Type 4: Special Noun + Noun – STRESS ON SECOND WORD
 

"Word Combination Lists" Start Page

Type 4 Start Page

Page 1:  4a.

Page 2:  4b

Page 3:  4c.

Page 4:  4d.

Page 5:  4e.

  
4e: The First Noun has a Strong Adjectival Meaning

These examples are similar to the 4d examples but, unlike the 4d examples where the thing is literally (字面的) or truly both the first noun and the second noun, in the 4e examples, the second noun is only figuratively (比喻 or 形像化) the same thing as the first noun – it has the qualities of the first noun but is not really an example of the first noun. For example, a package holiday is a holiday (vacation) that has several features all "wrapped up into one thing", like a package. A package holiday has the cost of the plane fare, the cost of the hotel and the cost of going on tours to tourist sites all combined into one cost that you pay the tour agency.

Another example is "a zebra crossing" (斑马线). "A zebra" is an animal and "a crossing" here means, "a place where people can cross the road". It's called a zebra crossing because there are white strips painted on the road at the crossing location and so it looks like a zebra's body markings.

Compared to other types of word combinations, there are not many examples of 4e in English.

 
 

 

‘head’ and ‘chief’ = ‘leading’

Both the nouns "head" and "chief" are here used to represent the adjective, "leading".

the chief negotiator

the chief constable (Br.)

the chief executive

the Chief Justice

the chief priest

the head chef

the head office  ( the noun "head" represents "central" or "main")

the head teacher   (the noun, the "head" represents the adjective, "leading")

the head boy

   the head waiter

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‘pocket’ = ‘miniature’

"Pocket" is used to mean, "small enough to fit in your pocket".

a pocket dictionary

a pocket calculator

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‘slave’ = ‘enslaved’

slave labour

a slave labourer

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‘career’ = ‘lifelong’

a career diplomat

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‘celluloid’ = ‘of films’

a celluloid hero

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‘midget’ = ‘very small’

a midget submarine

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‘package’ = ‘unified’ or ‘combined’ into one

a package holiday

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‘dream’ = ‘dream-like’ or ‘ideal’

a dream holiday

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‘zebra’ = ‘coloured like a zebra’

a zebra crossing

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‘master’ = ‘main’ or ‘biggest’

the master bedroom

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‘gutter’ = ‘low quality’

the gutter press

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‘pet’ = ‘favourite’ or ‘affectionate’

a pet hate (Br.) = a pet peeve (U.S.)

a pet name

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‘chance’ = ‘fortuitous’, ‘unplanned’

a chance meeting

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‘ballpoint’ = ‘having a ballpoint’

a ballpoint pen

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‘mass’ = ‘very big’

the mass media

mass production

mass transit

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‘charter’ = ‘from the beginning’, ‘original’, ‘early’

a charter member

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‘life’ = ‘permanent’ =‘perpetual’

a life member

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‘top’ = ‘highest’

(usually informal)

top banana

top brass

top dog

top dollar

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‘maiden’ = ‘first’

A maiden is a young, unmarried woman. When the noun "maiden" is used attributively, it means "first".

a maiden voyage

a maiden speech (in parliament)

a maiden name  –  the first, or birth name that a married woman used before her (first) marriage

"Maiden name" is often (or usually) spoken with the word "maiden" stressed more than "name", which is a case of implied contrasting stress. This is because we only use the term, "maiden name" when a woman has a married name. When "maiden" is stressed this way, it implies, "not the married name". Here is an example - maiden name

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