Index of this Page
108. Mathematics
109. Visitors
110. Early
111. The Internet
112. Play
113. Historic Buildings
114. Encouragement
115. Water Sports
116. Relics
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arithmetic (noun) Pronunciation at http://www.howjsay.com/search?word=arithmetic
basic arithmetical* operations – addition, subtraction, multiplication, division [* check pronunciation of “arithmetical” at http://www.howjsay.com/search?word=arithmetical]
the times table (Usually rote learned/memorized)
an abacus
mental arithmetic
to calculate; a calculator = an electronic calculator
to “be good at figures” = to “be good with figures”
geometry, algebra, trigonometry, calculus, statistics
Uses of mathematics: – to calculate one’s finances, paying bills etc.; buying and selling; making things (e.g., when doing carpentry); the basis of science & engineering; having an appreciation (or, understanding) when we read or hear significant figures such as the rate of inflation.
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to visit, a visitor
a regular visitor = a frequent visitor
to “drop by”, to “call on” someone, to “pay someone a visit”
to be invited / to visit uninvited
to host, a host
a guest
to greet, a greeting, politenesses, a hug, a kiss on the cheek, to shake hands, a handshake
a gift
to entertain a visitor
a tradition, a custom
formal, informal
to maintain family ties
to chat, to “shoot the breeze”
to take photos
to keep up with family news (family = extended family)
to keep someone company
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Proverb: “The early bird catches the worm.”
An early riser
At dawn, before dawn, at sunrise, before sunrise; when the sun comes up
Frost (on the ground), dark, fresh air, quiet, birds
Shiftwork
(Sleeping late) - Miss out on part of the day; miss the best part of the day; spend too much time alone late at night; a “night owl”
Benefits of early – experiencing the best part of the day; getting out of the house; meeting different people; getting more done during the day; a positive start to the day
See http://ielts-yasi.englishlab.net/vocabulary_lists_5.htm#Sleep
See http://ielts-yasi.englishlab.net/vocabulary_lists_3.htm#30.%20Time%20Management
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The internet (The word “the” is almost always used before the word, “internet”. Exceptions include when using “internet” as the first word in a compound noun such as “internet advertising”.)
The internet = the web
Go online
Offline
A browser
Wifi; a landline connection
Using a “computer” is not always the same as using the internet
I suggest avoiding the expression, “surf the internet”. This expression is rarely used nowadays.
I suggest not using the company name, Google, when talking about searching the internet (doing an internet search). Google is a company name; it is not an English verb or adjective.
A search engine (use a search engine)
A website; a webpage; a blog; a chat (social media) website
An encyclopedia-type of website such as “Wikipedia”.
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When children play, they …
generally entertain or amuse themselves
explore their surroundings
engage in physical activity such as running, climbing, skipping, jumping, wrestling, throwing things
engage in creative or imaginative activities such as building a sandcastle, playing with toys, role-playing with other kids
engage in “fun” activities with others, such as (playfully or jokingly) splashing someone with water, playing a trick on someone, telling jokes, making others laugh (e.g., by pulling a face)
The Meaning of “play” –
When the verb, "play" is used as a one-word verb (not a two-word verb such as "play tennis" or "play chess"), it almost always means anything and everything that CHILDREN do, either alone or with other children, when they are given the freedom to choose what to do.
For example –
Question: “Where are the kids?”
Answer: “They're playing outside.”
Extra Vocab –
http://ielts-yasi.englishlab.net/vocabulary_lists_2.htm#26.%20Playgrounds
http://ielts-yasi.englishlab.net/vocabulary_lists_2.htm#25.%20Games%C2%A0
http://ielts-yasi.englishlab.net/vocabulary_lists_4.htm#42.%20Toys
If that Wikipedia page is unavailable, try the html-only copy of that page, HERE.
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In general, a “building” is a structure that has a door or an entrance that allows people to enter. A bridge, a wall etc, are also “structures”, but are not “buildings”.
A structure, including a building, is “built” or “constructed”.
the façade, the exterior
the interior
a back yard, a front yard, a courtyard, a garden
the roof, the floor, the walls
the ceiling
the foundations
building materials – stone, brick, timber (wood), bamboo
roof beams, exposed beams
tiles
a single storey building; a two-storey building
a flight of stairs
steps (leading to a front or back door)
the architecture (non-count noun); the style (countable noun); the design (countable noun)
ornate, ornamental,
the décor (=the colour, style, and arrangement of the objects in a room)
a temple, a church, a pagoda
a residential building, a mansion, an official residence, a palace
to maintain, to repair, to preserve
a protected building
dilapidated (adj.) = in poor condition, needing maintenance or repairs. Usually used to describe the outside of a building.
to rot, rotten (for wood) = decayed, rusty, peeling paint, faded paint
to demolish
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to encourage someone, encouragement
to boost, to inspire, inspiration, to reassure, reassurance, to praise, to give someone a "pat on the head", to support, to guide, to take an interest in someone, to strengthen, to bolster, to reinforce, to shore up, to have confidence in someone, to have faith in (someone) = to believe in (someone), to stimulate, a stimulus, to act as a catalyst, an impetus, to spur, to urge someone on, to push someone, to goad someone, to motivate, motivation, an incentive, to give someone pointers
to “perk up” someone, to cheer up (someone), to “buck up” someone, to sympathize (with someone), to empathize with someone, to comfort someone, to give someone confidence, to boost someone’s confidence,
some advice (non-count noun), a suggestion (countable noun)
to advise, to suggest, to counsel, to mentor someone
a mentor, an advisor, a coach, a guide, an instructor, a teacher, a trainer, a tutor, a counsellor
strength, confidence, fortitude, perseverance, single-mindedness, tenacity, strong-mindedness, determination
resolute, steadfast, determined, dogged, single-minded, purposeful, be resolved to + verb, strong-willed, tenacious, strong-minded
to persist, to persevere, to learn from one’s failures, to stick it out, to see it through, to be bent on + verb, to be set on + verbal noun, to be intent on + verbal noun, to mean business, to be determined, to buckle down
a set goal, a fixed goal, a clear goal, a strong goal
to visualize success
to give up, to “throw in the towel”, to resign, to drop out (of school, university), to quit, to weaken, to waver
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These are mainly recreational sports, although some of them are competitive sometimes, such as surfing contest.
· surfing
- surfboard riding
- body surfing
· sailing
- one-man, small sailboats
- ocean-going yachting
· sailboarding
· water skiing
· jet-skiing
· scuba diving
· canoeing / kayaking
· fishing
- with a line
- with a fishing rod
· scuba diving
· snorkelling
· N.B. I suggest not including “swimming” as a recreational water sport. It is a competitive water sport at the Olympic Games etc.
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List of Water Sports from Wikipedia
In the water
Artistic or Synchronised swimming consists of swimmers performing a synchronised routine of elaborate moves in the water, accompanied by music.
Aquajogging
Diving, the sport of jumping off springboards or platforms into water
Modern pentathlon includes épée fencing, pistol shooting, swimming, a show jumping course on horseback, and cross country running
Rescue swimming is swimming with the goal to rescue other swimmers
Snorkeling is the practice of swimming at the surface (typically of the sea) being equipped with a mask, fins, and a short tube called a snorkel.
Swimming, including pool swimming and open water swimming
Synchronized diving
Triathlon, a multi-sport event involving the completion of three continuous and sequential endurance events, usually a combination of swimming, cycling and running
Water aerobics is aerobics in the water.
Water polo is a sport of two different teams played in water with a ball.
On the water
Barefoot skiing is waterskiing without skis
Boating is the use of boats
Boat racing is the use of powerboats to participate in races
Bodyboarding is similar to surfing, but the board is smaller and the person (normally) lies down on the board
Cable skiing is similar to wake boarding but with cables for artificial maneuvering
Canoeing
Canoe polo
Dragon boat racing teams of 20 paddlers racing
Fishing is the recreation and sport of catching fish
Flyboard
Flowrider
Jet Skiing
Kayaking
Kiteboating
Kiteboarding is an action
sport combining aspects of wakeboarding, snowboarding, windsurfing, surfing,
paragliding, skateboarding and sailing into one extreme sport. A kiteboarder
harnesses the power of the wind with a large controllable power kite to be
propelled across the water, land, or snow.
Compared to the other sailing sports, kiteboarding is both among the less
expensive (including equipment) and the more convenient. It is also unique in
that it harvests the wind energy from a much larger atmosphere volume, comparing
to sail size.
Pics from Wikipedia and Jesse_Richman_by_MakenaStockMedia
Kitesurfing on flat water using a kite for propulsion
Kneeboarding
Paddleboarding a person is propelled on a surf style board using a long paddle
Parasailing where a person is towed behind a vehicle (usually a boat) while attached to a parachute
Picigin, kicking around a small ball on shallow waters.
Rafting
River trekking
Rowing
Sailing using the wind for propulsion
Sit-down hydrofoiling is riding on the water with a hydrofoil attached to a ski
Skimboarding is a boardsport in which a board is used to ride on an incoming wave
Skurfing is where the participant "skurfs" behind a boat on a surfboard
Standup paddleboarding (SUP boarding) a type of surfing in which the surfer stands on their boards and uses a paddle to propel themselves in the water
2014_Starboard_SUP from https://standupsurfshop.com.au/boards.html - North Freo Standup Surf Shop
Surfing downhill on ocean waves or artificial waves in a wave pool
Wakeboarding is similar to water skiing, but using only one board attached to the feet
Wakeskating is similar to wakeboarding, but the board is not attached to the feet
Wakesurfing is a mix between wakeboarding and surfing
Waterskiing is using skis to slide over the water while being pulled by a boat or other device
White water rafting
Windsurfing on flat water using wind for propulsion in combination with sails
Yachting sailing on yachts, daysailing, cruising or Yacht racing
Under water
Recreational diving
Cave diving
Deep diving
Freediving
Ice diving
Mermaiding
Spearfishing
Underwater archaeology, particularly activity involving wreck diving
Underwater photography, including underwater videography, is photography done under water. Numerous contests worldwide are arranged every year. Digital cameras have revolutionized how many divers participate.
Underwater videography
Underwater sports
Aquathlon (underwater wrestling)
Finswimming
Free-diving
Sport diving (sport)
Spearfishing
Underwater football
Underwater hockey is a game played underwater which has some similarities to hockey. Two teams of players use short wooden curved sticks to move a heavy puck across the pool bottom to the opponents' goal.
Underwater ice hockey
Underwater orienteering
Underwater photography (sport)
Underwater rugby is a game played underwater which has some similarities to rugby football. Two teams try to score goals by sending a slightly negatively buoyant ball into the opponents' goal placed on the bottom of the pool.
Underwater target shooting
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The word relic might be used in Part 3 topics about history such as, "Do you think people who damage historical relics should be put in prison?"
From Wikipedia
In religion, a relic usually consists of the physical remains of a saint or the personal effects of the saint or venerated person preserved for purposes of veneration as a tangible memorial. Relics are an important aspect of some forms of Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, Shamanism, and many other religions. Relic derives from the Latin reliquiae, meaning "remains", and a form of the Latin verb relinquere, to "leave behind, or abandon". A reliquary is a shrine that houses one or more religious relics.
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From the Cambridge Dictionary
An object, tradition, or system from the past that continues to exist:
Example: During the dig, the archaeological team found some relics from the Stone Age.
Example: The country's employment system is a relic of the 1960s when jobs were scarce.
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a part of the body or something that belonged to a holy person:
Example: These bones are the relics of a 12th-century saint.
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an object from the past, esp. one that has no modern use but is often valued for its meaning or importance in history:
Example: The ship was a relic of the Spanish-American War.
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A relic is also a part of the body or clothing of a saint (= holy person), or something that belonged to a saint.
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